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1. Objectives: 1.To give idea that each process has the process ID. 2.To clearify that each child process again run with its own process ID. 3.To use the functions : getpid() ( to get its process id) and getppid() ( to get the process id of its parent) Source Code: #include #include int main() { int pid,ppid; pid=getpid(); ppid=getppid(); printf("The process ID is:%d\n",pid); printf("The parent process ID is:%d\n",ppid); return 0; } Output: 2.Objectives: 1.To give idea that a process can create a new sub process. 2.To clearify that a system can create a new process. (When it calls next process then the new process will have new process id). 3.To use the function : system() Source Code: #include int main() { int val; val=system("ls -l"); printf("Your request has been Done!\n"); return ; } Output: 3.Objectives: 1.To give idea that a process can create a new child process. 2.To clearify that when fork() is used it creates two versions of the program

An Introduction to Red Hat Linux Course Contents of Red Hat Linux – 1. File and Directory Operations 2. User Information 3. File Permissions 4. Linux File System Essentials 5. X-Window System and GUI application (introduction) 6. Standard I/O Pipes 7. String Processing 8. Process 9. VI editor 10. Bash Shell and Shell Scripting 11. Basic Network Clients Introduction An operating system (OS) is software designed to act as an interface between the computer and the user. It performs various important functions such as , • An OS is a command interpreter. It translates the high level language to machine language and vice versa. • An OS acts as process manager. There are various processes running simultaneously in a computer. The amount of time to be spent on a process by the CPU is decided by the OS. • An OS is a memory manager. As said above, there are various processes running simultaneously in a computer which require memory from CPU. The amount of memory to be allocated on certain proces

Part A Questions from this group have been asked in university exams up to 15 marks. 1. What are the three forms of business organization? Briefly explain them. 2. What is business activity? Explain with examples each types of business activity? 3. Who are the users of accounting information/ financial statement? 4. What is financial statement? Explain its objective and role. What are the ingredients of financial statement? Explain role of each ingredients. 5. What are the qualitative characteristics of accounting information/financial statements? Briefly explain each. 6. Explain GAAP. Briefly explain each principle of GAAP. 7. What is source document? Explain each of them briefly with their roles in accounting process. 8. What is voucher? Explain its kinds and role in accounting process? 9. Explain three systems of accounting. Part B 5-10 marks 1. Explain the term accounting. 2. Explain fields in accounting. 3. Explain accounting profession. 4. Of the three types of business entity,

Joint Examination Board PABSON, Bhaktapur Second Terminal Examinations - 2066 Class: VIII Time: 2 hrs. 15 Mins. F.M: 75 Subject: Social Studies P.M: 30 [Candidates are required to write answers in their own words. Credit will be given for creativity and are encouraged for it as well] Group ‘A’ All questions are compulsory. Very short answer questions: (1 x 20=20) Q.N.1) Which two zones of Nepal are named after the mountains? Q.N.2) What is a development region? Q.N.3) Why is health considered as an infrastructure of development? Q.N.4) What are the various sources of electricity? Q.N.5) What is “Unity in Diversity”? Q.N.6) Mention any two national heritages of Nepal that are enlisted in the World Heritage Site. Q.N.7) Name the festivals observed by different communities in your country. Q.N.8) Draw a picture that depicts social inequality. Q.N.9) What are the two causes of social problem? Q.N.

Joint Examination Board PABSON, Bhaktapur Second Term Exam - 2066 Class: X F.M: 100 Subject: Social Studies Time: 3 hrs. P.M: 40 Group 'A' Very short answer questions: 8×1=8 Q.1 Almost 65% of all industries in Nepal are located in Central Development region only. What should be done to expand industry in other development regions of Nepal? Give any two suggestions. Q.2 "WOMEN CANNOT DO ANY THING IMPORTANT, BUT CAN EARN A LOT FROM INDIA". Which problem is indicated by the given statement and how do you convince the person who has such feeling towards women? Write your answer with two convincing points. Q.3 Who is the Minister for Education in the present Government? Which political party does s/he belong to? Q.4 Give the reason why the northern sides of Nepali Mountains are cooler and drier than the southern slopes. Q.5 Though Brazil is an industrialized country, it is not getting much profit from its industries. What is the major reason b

Joint Examination Board PABSON, Bhaktapur Second Term Exam - 2066 Class: IX F.M: 100 Subject: Social Studies Time: 3 hrs. P.M: 40 [Examinees are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Priority will be given to creative answers.] Group 'A' Very short answer question: 8×1=8 Q.1 Why is Nepal called a developing country? Give your answer in two points. Q.2 Mention any two points to solve the problem of unemployment in Nepal. Q.3 What do you mean by 'Right to Constitutional Remedy'? Q.4 Why is International Date Line not straight? Q.5 Name any two developed countries of East Asia. Give a reason why they are very developed. Q.6 Draw conventional symbols to indicate roadway and ropeway in a map. Q.7 Which war is known as "Anglo-Nepal War" in the history of Nepal? Q.8 If you were Prithivi Narayan Shah, would you start the campaign of unification? Why? Give your answer in a single sentence. Group 'B

Joint Examination Board PABSON, Bhaktapur Second Term Exam - 2066 Class: IX F.M: 100 Subject: Social Studies Time: 3 hrs. P.M: 40 Group 'A' Very short answer questions: 8×1=8 Q.1 Why is Nepal called a developing country? Give your answer in two points. Q.2 Mention any two points to solve the problem of unemployment in Nepal. Q.3 What do you mean by 'Right to Constitutional Remedy'? Q.4 Why is International Date Line not straight? Q.5 Name any two developed countries of East Asia. Give a reason why they are very developed. Q.6 Draw conventional symbols to indicate roadway and ropeway in a map. Q.7 Which war is known as "Anglo-Nepal War" in the history of Nepal? Q.8 If you were Prithivi Narayan Shah, would you start the campaign of unification? Why? Give your answer in a single sentence. Group 'B' Short answer questions: 14×4=56 Q.9 What is sustainable development? Mention any three advantages of sustainable development in

Joint Examination Board PABSON, Bhaktapur Second Terminal Examinations - 2066 Class: V Time: 2.30 hrs F.M:100 Subject: Social Studies P.M: 40 Group ‘A’ Q.1 Choose the correct alternatives (5) a. We should conserve our natural sources because they are our…….. i. identity ii. artistic iii. rich sources b. The … is a kind of anti-social activity. i. dancing ii. gambling iii. playing c. There are ….. SOS villages i. 1553 ii.5135 iii. 1535 d. Imitate action is …. …. habit i. good ii. worse iii. copying e. Sugar is produced in…… i. Birgunj ii. Pokhara iii. Illam Q.2 Fill in the blanks with correct alternatives (5) a. Nepal Red Cross society was founded by…………. b. …… is mainly found in the northern mountain region. c. Yalamber was the first ….. king of Nepal. d. ………. of a place is influenced by climate. e. The Terai region lies in …….. of Nepal. Q.3. Write ‘T’ for true statement and ‘F

Joint Examination Board PABSON, Bhaktapur Second Term Exam - 2066 Class: VIII F.M: 75 Subject: Science Time: 2.30 hrs. P.M: 30 Physics Q No. 1) Define fundamental unit. Write SI unit of density and current. (1+1) Q No.2) Define relative motion. Write the formula of acceleration and velocity. (1+1) Q No.3) Winding roads are made in hills. Why? Classify see-saw and shovel. (1+1) Q No.4) Write two differences between barometer and pressure gauze. (2) Q No. 5) What do you mean by power? Write one difference between potential and kinetic energy. (2) Q No.6) What type of energy is possessed in the following actions? (2) a) Leg lifted to kick ball c. Burning matchstick b) Ringing bell d. Bread Q No.7) What effect is seen in kinetic energy possessed by body when its velocity is tripled? Show mathematically. (2) Q No.8) What are the temperatures of the boiling and freezing water in Fahrenheit and Centigrade scale in the sea level

Joint Examination Board PABSON Bhaktapur Second Terminal Examination 2066 Class : 8 FM:50 Subject Pre.Vocational Time 1.30 hrs PM :20 Students need to attempt any two sections Section 1(Accounting) A Answer the following question (2×10=20) 1. What is book keeping? 2. Define ‘Debit’ and ‘Credit’ with example. 3. What is meant by Journal? Write any two objectives of it. 4. Show any two differences of journal and ledger. 5. Give a specimen of a ledger. 6. What is office? Write any two important of it. 7. Why supervision of works is necessary in office? 8. Write rules of debit and credit of personal account. 9. What do you mean by Entry and Dispatch? 10. Define double entry book keeping system. B Answer the following questions (2.5×2=5) 11. Journalize the following transaction in the names Rukesh Enterprises a) Purchased Pala of Rs 2000 from Samrat Ceramics on 2066-07-05 b) Paid rent of house Rs. 3500 on 2066- 07- 09 12. Sketch a model of

Joint Examination Board PABSON, Bhaktapur Second Term Examination-2066 Time: 1Hr, 30 Mins. Class: VIII FM :50 Subject: Population and Environment Education PM: 20 Time: 1hr 30 mins Attempt all the questions Group A Short answer questions: 10×2=20 Q.No.1.Write any four effects on environmental caused by human activities. 0.5×4=2 Q.No.2.Write any four causes of environmental degradation. 0.5×4=2 Q.No.3.Define Migration. Name the types of migration. 1+1=2 Q.No.4.Define birth and death. 1+1=2 Q.No.5.Name the world cultural heritages of Nepal. 0.25×8=2 Q.No.6.Why are National parks and Wildlife Reserves established? (Give any four reasons) 2 Q.No.7.Enlist the causes of deforestation. (Any four points) 2 Q.No.8.What are the major causes of population decrease? (Any four points) 0.25×4=2 Q.No.9.H

Joint Examination Board PABSON, Bhaktapur Second Terminal Examination – 2066 Class: X Time: 3 hrs. F.M: 100 Subject: Population Education P.M: 40 [Candidates are required to write answers in their own words. Credit will be given for creativity and are encouraged for it as well.] Group A Attempt any 16 questions from this group (5x16) 1. What is family life education? Mention any three of its objectives. 2. When is the beginning of family life? Explain briefly the family life cycle with example. 3. Classify the importance of family life education. 4. What is the difference between early marriage and late marriage? Write disadvantages of early marriage. 5. Mention any five conditions in which second marriage is not prohibited according to the marriage act of Nepal. 6. How does migration affect adversely in human life? Discuss. 7. What is reproductive health? Make a list of eight aspects of reproductive health. 8. What do you mean by family planning? Describe it

Joint Examination Board PABSON, Bhaktapur Second Terminal Examination – 2066 Class: IX Time: 3 hrs. F.M: 100 Subject: Population Education P.M: 40 [Candidates are required to write answers in their own words. Credit will be given for creativity and are encouraged for it as well.] Group 'A' [16x5] Short answer questions: (Attempt any 16 questions) 1. Why do we study population education? Give any five reasons. 2. Why is population education a multidimensional educational process? 3. Mention the scopes of population education and describe any two of them. 4. List out the characteristics of the Malthusian population theory. 5. Define census. Also, mention its advantages. 6. List out the characteristics of population and explain any two of them. 7. Explain the historical stage of population growth with its figure. 8. Explain the population situation of Nepal. 9. Compare the population situation of Nepal with India. 10. Explain how population pyramid is const

Joint Examination Board PABSON, Bhaktapur Second Terminal Examinations - 2066 Class: VIII Time: 1.30 hrs F.M:50 Subject: Population Education P.M: 20 Attempt all the questions Group A Short answer questions: 10×2=20 Q.No.1. Write any four effects on environment caused by human activities. 0.5×4=2 Q.No.2. Write any four causes of environmental degradation. 0.5×4=2 Q.No.3. Define Migration. Name the types of migration. 1+1=2 Q.No.4. Define birth and death. 1+1=2 Q.No.5. Name the world cultural heritages of Nepal. 0.25×8=2 Q.No.6. Why are National parks and Wildlife Reserves established? Give any four reasons. 2 Q.No.7. Enlist the causes of deforestation. Write Any four points. 2 Q.No.8. What are the major causes of population decrease? (Any four points) 0.25×4=2 Q.No.9. How does pop

Physics Q No. 1) Define fundamental unit. Write SI unit of density and current. (1+1) Q No.2) Define Relative motion. Write the formula of acceleration and velocity. (1+1) Q No.3) Winding roads are mode in hills. Why? Classify sea saw and shovel.(1+1) Q No.4) Write two differences between barometer and pressure gauze. (2) Q No. 5) What do you mean by power? Write one different between potential and kinetic energy.(2) Q No.6) What type of energy is possessed in the following action? (2) a) Leg lifted to kick ball b) Burning matchstick c) Ringing bell d) Bread Q No.7) What effects is seen in kinetic energy possessed by body when its velocity is tripled? Show mathematically. (2) Q No.8) What are the temperatures of the boiling and freezing water in Fahrenheit and Centigrade scale in sea level? (2) Q No.9) Kink is made in clinical thermometer, Why? (2) Q No.10) Define refraction of light. Write one use of concave mirror. (2) Q No.11) Write any two differences between converging mirror &