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The digital divide refers to the gap between people with effective access to digital and information technology, and those with very limited or no access at all. It includes the imbalance both in physical access to technology and the resources and skills needed to effectively participate as a digital citizen. The term is commensurate with the term knowledge divide, both reflecting the access of various social groupings to information and knowledge, typically gender, income, race, and by location. The term global digital divide refers to differences in access between countries. There are several definitions of the Term. Bharat Mehra defines it simply as the troubling gap between those who use computers and the Internet and those who do not. More recently, some have used the term to refer to gaps in broadband network access.[3] The term can mean not only unequal access to computer hardware, but also inequalities between groups of people in the ability to use information technology fully.

1. Objectives: 1.To give idea that each process has the process ID. 2.To clearify that each child process again run with its own process ID. 3.To use the functions : getpid() ( to get its process id) and getppid() ( to get the process id of its parent) Source Code: #include #include int main() { int pid,ppid; pid=getpid(); ppid=getppid(); printf("The process ID is:%d\n",pid); printf("The parent process ID is:%d\n",ppid); return 0; } Output: 2.Objectives: 1.To give idea that a process can create a new sub process. 2.To clearify that a system can create a new process. (When it calls next process then the new process will have new process id). 3.To use the function : system() Source Code: #include int main() { int val; val=system("ls -l"); printf("Your request has been Done!\n"); return ; } Output: 3.Objectives: 1.To give idea that a process can create a new child process. 2.To clearify that when fork() is used it creates two versions of the program

An Introduction to Red Hat Linux Course Contents of Red Hat Linux – 1. File and Directory Operations 2. User Information 3. File Permissions 4. Linux File System Essentials 5. X-Window System and GUI application (introduction) 6. Standard I/O Pipes 7. String Processing 8. Process 9. VI editor 10. Bash Shell and Shell Scripting 11. Basic Network Clients Introduction An operating system (OS) is software designed to act as an interface between the computer and the user. It performs various important functions such as , • An OS is a command interpreter. It translates the high level language to machine language and vice versa. • An OS acts as process manager. There are various processes running simultaneously in a computer. The amount of time to be spent on a process by the CPU is decided by the OS. • An OS is a memory manager. As said above, there are various processes running simultaneously in a computer which require memory from CPU. The amount of memory to be allocated on certain proces

Part A Questions from this group have been asked in university exams up to 15 marks. 1. What are the three forms of business organization? Briefly explain them. 2. What is business activity? Explain with examples each types of business activity? 3. Who are the users of accounting information/ financial statement? 4. What is financial statement? Explain its objective and role. What are the ingredients of financial statement? Explain role of each ingredients. 5. What are the qualitative characteristics of accounting information/financial statements? Briefly explain each. 6. Explain GAAP. Briefly explain each principle of GAAP. 7. What is source document? Explain each of them briefly with their roles in accounting process. 8. What is voucher? Explain its kinds and role in accounting process? 9. Explain three systems of accounting. Part B 5-10 marks 1. Explain the term accounting. 2. Explain fields in accounting. 3. Explain accounting profession. 4. Of the three types of business entity,

Joint Examination Board PABSON, Bhaktapur Second Terminal Examinations - 2066 Class: VIII Time: 2 hrs. 15 Mins. F.M: 75 Subject: Social Studies P.M: 30 [Candidates are required to write answers in their own words. Credit will be given for creativity and are encouraged for it as well] Group ‘A’ All questions are compulsory. Very short answer questions: (1 x 20=20) Q.N.1) Which two zones of Nepal are named after the mountains? Q.N.2) What is a development region? Q.N.3) Why is health considered as an infrastructure of development? Q.N.4) What are the various sources of electricity? Q.N.5) What is “Unity in Diversity”? Q.N.6) Mention any two national heritages of Nepal that are enlisted in the World Heritage Site. Q.N.7) Name the festivals observed by different communities in your country. Q.N.8) Draw a picture that depicts social inequality. Q.N.9) What are the two causes of social problem? Q.N.

Joint Examination Board PABSON, Bhaktapur Second Term Exam - 2066 Class: X F.M: 100 Subject: Social Studies Time: 3 hrs. P.M: 40 Group 'A' Very short answer questions: 8×1=8 Q.1 Almost 65% of all industries in Nepal are located in Central Development region only. What should be done to expand industry in other development regions of Nepal? Give any two suggestions. Q.2 "WOMEN CANNOT DO ANY THING IMPORTANT, BUT CAN EARN A LOT FROM INDIA". Which problem is indicated by the given statement and how do you convince the person who has such feeling towards women? Write your answer with two convincing points. Q.3 Who is the Minister for Education in the present Government? Which political party does s/he belong to? Q.4 Give the reason why the northern sides of Nepali Mountains are cooler and drier than the southern slopes. Q.5 Though Brazil is an industrialized country, it is not getting much profit from its industries. What is the major reason b

Joint Examination Board PABSON, Bhaktapur Second Term Exam - 2066 Class: IX F.M: 100 Subject: Social Studies Time: 3 hrs. P.M: 40 [Examinees are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Priority will be given to creative answers.] Group 'A' Very short answer question: 8×1=8 Q.1 Why is Nepal called a developing country? Give your answer in two points. Q.2 Mention any two points to solve the problem of unemployment in Nepal. Q.3 What do you mean by 'Right to Constitutional Remedy'? Q.4 Why is International Date Line not straight? Q.5 Name any two developed countries of East Asia. Give a reason why they are very developed. Q.6 Draw conventional symbols to indicate roadway and ropeway in a map. Q.7 Which war is known as "Anglo-Nepal War" in the history of Nepal? Q.8 If you were Prithivi Narayan Shah, would you start the campaign of unification? Why? Give your answer in a single sentence. Group 'B